2026-06-25 | Establishment of two Hypotheses for Gut Bacterial Alteration Process for Minimizing the Intestinal Communicable Diseases.
Intestinal communicable diseases like diarrhea, dysentery, nausea, vomiting, cholera, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, botulism, gastroenteritis, etc., are caused by different microbes. Intestinal microbial ecology is the most mysterious and complex environment for microbes. Bacteriophages are the dominant viruses in the intestinal microbiota. It is well established that gut microbial composition directly affects human health. Microbes use the gastrointestinal tract as niches there some factors or theories exist such as dietary, quorum sensing, and biosignaling, including biomass and biofilm production. Whereas if some microbial disbalance happens due to the effect of antibiotics or different toxin production or uninterrupted and unexpected factors dysbiosis occurs. The outcome of dysbiosis is different communicable diseases in the intestine. Alteration in microbiota can make crucial improvements in the microbiota environment and to the body's health. After reviewing evidence authors are of the opinion that two natural microbial phenomena that may be utilized as a hypothetical approach to prevent communicable diseases in the intestine, i.e., microbes-microbes competition strategy and introduction of bacteriophage to kill the target bacteria in the gut.
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2026-06-17 | When BAT Precedes BIG-IV in Infant Botulism: The Need for Structured Antitoxin Decision-Pathway Reporting in Case Reports.
In infant botulism, use of equine-derived botulinum antitoxin before BIG-IV may be clinically justified when the infant-specific product is delayed. Future case reports should document the treatment decision pathway, antitoxin timing, risk-benefit justification, guardian counseling, adverse-event monitoring, and relapse-prevention rationale to make such emergency decisions reproducible.
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2026-06-12 | Botulinum Toxin in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Current Applications and Future Perspectives
AbstractBotulinum toxin (BTX), originally infamous for causing botulism, has emerged as a versatile and minimally invasive therapeutic and cosmetic tool in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS). Its ability to selectively induce temporary, localized muscle paralysis with a favourable safety profile has revolutionized the management of functional, aesthetic, and pain-related conditions in the maxillofacial region. This review consolidates current literature, focusing on the physiology, mechanism of action, clinical applications, and safety considerations of BTX in OMFS, while highlighting recent advances and future prospects.
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