RARE DISEASE
Actinic prurigo
Actinic prurigo
Actinic prurigo
Synonyms: Familial polymorphous light eruption of American Indians, Hereditary polymorphous light eruption of American Indians, Hutchinson summer prurigo, Hydroa aestivale
Synonyms: Familial polymorphous light eruption of American Indians, Hereditary polymorphous light eruption of American Indians, Hutchinson summer prurigo, Hydroa aestivale
Synonyms: Familial polymorphous light eruption of American Indians, Hereditary polymorphous light eruption of American Indians, Hutchinson summer prurigo, Hydroa aestivale
Drug discovery
1
drug
With orphan designation
Overview
Actinic prurigo (AP) is a rare, chronic photodermatosis characterized by intensely pruritic papules, nodules, and plaques triggered by UV exposure (UVA/UVB). It predominantly affects sun-exposed areas (face, neck, hands) but may involve covered skin (e.g., buttocks) [1][7][16]. Genetic predisposition (HLA-DR4/DRB1*0407 allele) and autoimmune mechanisms underlie its pathogenesis [6][7][12]. Symptoms often worsen seasonally but can persist year-round, with conjunctival and labial involvement in severe cases [1][9][15].
Categories: rare skin diseases
Research Papers
99 drug discovery papers about Actinic prurigo. Recent publications:
99 drug discovery papers about Actinic prurigo. Recent publications:
categories:
Small molecules
small molecules
2026-08-12 | Use of Abrocitinib in the Management of Treatment‐Resistant Actinic Prurigo: A Pediatric Case Report
The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.
2026-06-12 | Actinic prurigo-associated cheilitis of the lower lip: a case report with clinicopathological correlation and management
Abstract Actinic prurigo (AP) is a rare, chronic photodermatoses with a challenging diagnosis, particularly when labial involvement represents the sole clinical manifestation of the disease. This study reports a case of a 66-year-old patient presenting with an ulcerated and crusted lesion on the lower lip with a 20-year history, initially clinically diagnosed as actinic cheilitis. A biopsy was performed, and histopathological analysis revealed stratified squamous epithelium with acanthosis and spongiosis, underlying connective tissue with a dense chronic inflammatory infiltrate, and well-organized lymphoid follicles, establishing the diagnosis of cheilitis associated with actinic prurigo. Management consisted of strict photoprotection associated with adjunctive topical corticosteroid therapy (dexamethasone). Six-month postoperative follow-up demonstrated complete remission of local clinical signs and symptoms. This report highlights the relevance of clinicopathological correlation and supports the effectiveness of localized therapeutic approaches in predominantly labial manifestations of actinic prurigo.
2026-02-20 | Isolated Actinic Prurigo Cheilitis in an Elderly Thai Female: An Atypical Presentation.
Actinic prurigo (AP) is a rare photodermatosis with variable clinical presentations across different ethnic populations. While lip involvement is common in Latin American populations, isolated cheilitis as the sole manifestation in elderly Asian patients has not been previously documented. We report a 67-year-old Thai female presenting with chronic, recurrent painful ulcers on the lower lip persisting for six months. Despite multiple treatments at a private clinic, new lesions continued to develop. Dermatological examination revealed multiple erosions on an erythematous, edematous plaque at the vermilion border of the lower lip. Histopathological examination demonstrated dense lymphocytic infiltration with well-defined lymphoid follicles, demonstrating the histopathological pattern of follicular cheilitis, which is pathognomonic for actinic prurigo cheilitis. Interestingly, phototesting and photoprovocation yielded normal results across all UV spectra. Complete remission was achieved after two months of treatment with topical 1.25% hydrocortisone cream combined with strict sun protection measures. This case highlights an unusual phenotype of actinic prurigo in an Asian patient, characterized by isolated lip involvement in the absence of other cutaneous manifestations. It underscores the importance of considering AP in the differential diagnosis of chronic lip lesions, even in atypical demographics and with normal phototesting results. The favorable response to conservative management emphasizes the value of early recognition and appropriate treatment.
2026-01-22 | Treatments for actinic prurigo: A case report with upadacitinib and systematic review.
This study aims to evaluate treatments for actinic prurigo, a chronic, photosensitive dermatosis disproportionately affecting Indigenous populations. We present the case of a 49-year-old Indigenous woman with refractory actinic prurigo successfully managed with upadacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor. After inadequate responses to photoprotection and topical corticosteroids, the patient demonstrated substantial clinical improvement with systemic upadacitinib therapy, achieving marked symptom reduction and improved quality of life. A systematic review including 334 actinic prurigo patients from 38 studies found the highest complete resolution rates with Janus kinase inhibitors (100%), hydroxychloroquine (100%), and topical tacrolimus (100%). Treatment recurrence was common with thalidomide (34%), highlighting limitations of traditional therapies. Janus kinase inhibitors, targeting cytokine-driven inflammation, appear particularly promising. Although further large-scale studies are needed, our findings suggest Janus kinase inhibitors such as upadacitinib offer effective and safe treatment alternatives for refractory actinic prurigo, significantly enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.
2025-11-06 | Efficacy of monoclonal antibodies and Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of idiopathic photosensitive skin disorders: a systematic review.
Idiopathic photosensitive skin disorders, or idiopathic photodermatoses, are characterized by abnormal reactions to sunlight and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. They encompass conditions such as actinic prurigo, chronic actinic dermatitis, solar urticaria, photoaggravated psoriasis, polymorphic light eruption and photoaggravated eczema. Treatment options remain limited, but monoclonal antibodies (such as dupilumab, omalizumab, adalimumab, ustekinumab) and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (such as tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib) have emerged as promising potential therapies. To evaluate the short- and long-term efficacy of these biologics and JAK inhibitors in managing these conditions, despite their lack of formal approval. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar and the Wiley Online Library. Inclusion criteria focused on studies published between 1960 and 2025 investigating monoclonal antibodies and JAK inhibitors for idiopathic photodermatoses, excluding other treatment modalities. Thirty-two studies involving 96 patients met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were case series or reports. Findings indicated significant reductions in disease activity and improvement in quality-of-life metrics (such as the Dermatology Life Quality Index) across various conditions. The lack of high-quality studies and the reliance on case reports limit generalizability. Variations in treatment regimens and outcome measures pose additional challenges. Monoclonal antibodies and JAK inhibitors demonstrate promise in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life in idiopathic photosensitive skin disorders. As these treatments are not formally indicated for these conditions, further research is warranted to confirm their efficacy and safety. This review highlights the need for clinical trials to enhance understanding and management of these challenging dermatological conditions.
antibodies
2025-06-27 | PD11 Clinical features and prognosis of actinic prurigo in Scotland
Abstract Actinic prurigo (AP) is a rare chronic photosensitivity condition that typically presents in childhood and may resolve in adolescence. Although less frequent in adulthood, AP can present at this age and may be persistent. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical presentation, investigation findings, disease course and prognosis of AP in Scotland. This was a retrospective review of patients with AP seen between March 2015 and December 2024 through the Scottish Photobiology Service (SPS). Data on disease characteristics, investigation findings and management were collected from the SPS database and patient records. In total 16 patients with AP were identified. Fifteen were female and one was male, and 11 were newly diagnosed. Ten (63%) had disease onset before age 16 years, with a median age of 10.5 years (range 1–50). Eight (50%) first presented in adulthood (> 16 years old). The most common acute eruption morphology was pruritic erythematous papules (70%). Among adult-onset cases, papulovesicular eruptions were most prevalent (67%). Half of the patients reported scarring. All patients had facial involvement, especially on the cheeks, nose and ears (44% each). Conjunctival involvement occurred in five (31%), and only three (19%) reported cheilitis. Nine (56%) were initially considered to have polymorphic light eruption (n = 5), hydroa vacciniforme (n = 2) or chronic actinic dermatitis (n = 2). Monochromator phototesting at presentation revealed normal action spectra in six (38%), with two developing monochromator ultraviolet (UV)A sensitivity over time. Four (25%) had UVA sensitivity only, four (25%) had UVB and UVA sensitivity and two (13%) had UVB, UVA and visible light sensitivity. Iterative UVA provocation testing showed papular reaction in six (38%), and abnormal erythema in another three (19%). Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) typing was available for 13 patients. Twelve (92%) were positive for HLA-DR4, with nine (75% with HLA-DR4) having the HLA-DRB1*0407 subtype. Twelve patients had follow-up visits, with a median follow-up of 10.8 years (range 1–28.4). Among seven young-onset cases, six (86%) showed marked improvement in clinical symptoms, with five (71%) having normalization of monochromator testing. In contrast, four of five patients (80%) with adult-onset AP remained symptomatic, with persistent abnormal phototesting. AP is a rare immunological photosensitivity disorder that is challenging to diagnose and must be kept in mind. The study found a higher than expected number of adult-onset cases, which tend to follow a more persistent course and are less likely to resolve spontaneously. HLA testing is a useful diagnostic marker, with particular utility in the more atypical adult-onset presentations of AP.
2021-05-14 | Clearance of pediatric actinic prurigo with dupilumab.
Actinic prurigo is a rare, idiopathic chronic photodermatosis of childhood characterized by excoriated papules, nodules, and plaques in sun-exposed areas. It is notoriously difficult to treat. The disorder involves a type IV hypersensitivity reaction driven by both Th1 and Th2 inflammatory pathways, the latter of which leads to secretion of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and production of B cells, IgE, and IgG4. Dupilumab, an IL-4 receptor antagonist, disrupts the Th2 pathway. We present a pediatric patient with severe, recalcitrant actinic prurigo who achieved rapid and sustained clearance with dupilumab.
2001-10-01 | TARGETING TUMOUR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA
Since its discovery, the understanding of the roles for TNF-alpha in human biology and disease has grown. Receptors for TNF are found on virtually all cell types, and many physiologic processes seem to be altered by TNF-alpha. The understanding of how TNF-alpha is involved in the pathophysiology of diseases, such as inflammatory diseases, has allowed the development of new drugs that can interfere with excess TNF-alpha and thus has allowed novel therapies for rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. As the role of TNF-alpha in other diseases becomes better understood, such TNF-alpha-modulating drugs may find further applications. In the skin, TNF-alpha is prominent cytokine that seems to be important in allergic and irritant contact dermatitis and inflammatory skin conditions. Modulating TNF-alpha activity in the skin may provide therapeutic benefits for a variety of skin conditions (Table 4). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels are elevated in skin lesions of psoriasis. A few reports have already suggested that etanercept and infliximab may offer a therapeutic effect in patients with psoriasis. Clinical studies evaluating the true efficacy of these drugs in psoriasis are under way. Specifically, the authors and others are involved in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy of etanercept for psoriasis. Thalidomide has been used off-label with some success to treat a number of dermatologic diseases, including several inflammatory skin conditions. Etanercept and infliximab might perhaps prove efficacious for inflammatory skin conditions as well. Finally, it is possible that drugs targeting TNF-alpha may have yet-unrecognized serious side effects. Because TNF-alpha seems to be a central cytokine in UVR-induced apoptosis, the chronic use of TNF-alpha-altering drugs might increase the risk for skin cancers. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha also plays some role in cutaneous wound healing; the effect these drugs might have on this process is also unknown at this time. Certainly, much is already [table: see text] known about TNF-alpha and how it plays many central roles. This understanding has allowed the development of useful new drugs for intractable disease. As the understanding of TNF-alpha and other cytokine biology increases, so will the number of potential therapeutic agents.
proteins
2021-11-23 | Development of hMC1R Selective Small Agonists for Sunless Tanning and Prevention of Genotoxicity of UV in Melanocytes.
Activation of the human melanocortin 1 receptor (hMC1R) expressed on melanocytes by α-melanocortin plays a central role in regulating human pigmentation and reducing the genotoxicity of UV by activating DNA repair and antioxidant defenses. For the development of a hMC1R-targeted photoprotection strategy, we designed tetra- and tripeptide agonists with modifications that provide the necessary lipophilicity and hMC1R selectivity to be effective drugs. These peptides proved to be superior to most of the existing analogs of the physiological tridecapeptide α-melanocortin because of their small size and high hMC1R selectivity. Testing on primary cultures of human melanocytes showed that these peptides are highly potent with prolonged stimulation of melanogenesis, enhanced repair of UV-induced DNA photoproducts, and reduced apoptosis. One of the tripeptides, designated as LK-514 (5), with a molecular weight of 660 Da, has unprecedented (>100,000) hMC1R selectivity when compared with the other melanocortin receptors hMC3R, hMC4R, and hMC5R, and increases pigmentation (sunless tanning) in a cultured, three-dimensional skin model. These new analogs should be efficacious in preventing skin cancer, including melanoma, and treatment of skin disorders, such as vitiligo and polymorphic light eruptions.
small molecules
2026-08-12 | Use of Abrocitinib in the Management of Treatment‐Resistant Actinic Prurigo: A Pediatric Case Report
The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.
2026-06-12 | Actinic prurigo-associated cheilitis of the lower lip: a case report with clinicopathological correlation and management
Abstract Actinic prurigo (AP) is a rare, chronic photodermatoses with a challenging diagnosis, particularly when labial involvement represents the sole clinical manifestation of the disease. This study reports a case of a 66-year-old patient presenting with an ulcerated and crusted lesion on the lower lip with a 20-year history, initially clinically diagnosed as actinic cheilitis. A biopsy was performed, and histopathological analysis revealed stratified squamous epithelium with acanthosis and spongiosis, underlying connective tissue with a dense chronic inflammatory infiltrate, and well-organized lymphoid follicles, establishing the diagnosis of cheilitis associated with actinic prurigo. Management consisted of strict photoprotection associated with adjunctive topical corticosteroid therapy (dexamethasone). Six-month postoperative follow-up demonstrated complete remission of local clinical signs and symptoms. This report highlights the relevance of clinicopathological correlation and supports the effectiveness of localized therapeutic approaches in predominantly labial manifestations of actinic prurigo.
2026-02-20 | Isolated Actinic Prurigo Cheilitis in an Elderly Thai Female: An Atypical Presentation.
Actinic prurigo (AP) is a rare photodermatosis with variable clinical presentations across different ethnic populations. While lip involvement is common in Latin American populations, isolated cheilitis as the sole manifestation in elderly Asian patients has not been previously documented. We report a 67-year-old Thai female presenting with chronic, recurrent painful ulcers on the lower lip persisting for six months. Despite multiple treatments at a private clinic, new lesions continued to develop. Dermatological examination revealed multiple erosions on an erythematous, edematous plaque at the vermilion border of the lower lip. Histopathological examination demonstrated dense lymphocytic infiltration with well-defined lymphoid follicles, demonstrating the histopathological pattern of follicular cheilitis, which is pathognomonic for actinic prurigo cheilitis. Interestingly, phototesting and photoprovocation yielded normal results across all UV spectra. Complete remission was achieved after two months of treatment with topical 1.25% hydrocortisone cream combined with strict sun protection measures. This case highlights an unusual phenotype of actinic prurigo in an Asian patient, characterized by isolated lip involvement in the absence of other cutaneous manifestations. It underscores the importance of considering AP in the differential diagnosis of chronic lip lesions, even in atypical demographics and with normal phototesting results. The favorable response to conservative management emphasizes the value of early recognition and appropriate treatment.
2026-01-22 | Treatments for actinic prurigo: A case report with upadacitinib and systematic review.
This study aims to evaluate treatments for actinic prurigo, a chronic, photosensitive dermatosis disproportionately affecting Indigenous populations. We present the case of a 49-year-old Indigenous woman with refractory actinic prurigo successfully managed with upadacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor. After inadequate responses to photoprotection and topical corticosteroids, the patient demonstrated substantial clinical improvement with systemic upadacitinib therapy, achieving marked symptom reduction and improved quality of life. A systematic review including 334 actinic prurigo patients from 38 studies found the highest complete resolution rates with Janus kinase inhibitors (100%), hydroxychloroquine (100%), and topical tacrolimus (100%). Treatment recurrence was common with thalidomide (34%), highlighting limitations of traditional therapies. Janus kinase inhibitors, targeting cytokine-driven inflammation, appear particularly promising. Although further large-scale studies are needed, our findings suggest Janus kinase inhibitors such as upadacitinib offer effective and safe treatment alternatives for refractory actinic prurigo, significantly enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.
2025-11-06 | Efficacy of monoclonal antibodies and Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of idiopathic photosensitive skin disorders: a systematic review.
Idiopathic photosensitive skin disorders, or idiopathic photodermatoses, are characterized by abnormal reactions to sunlight and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. They encompass conditions such as actinic prurigo, chronic actinic dermatitis, solar urticaria, photoaggravated psoriasis, polymorphic light eruption and photoaggravated eczema. Treatment options remain limited, but monoclonal antibodies (such as dupilumab, omalizumab, adalimumab, ustekinumab) and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (such as tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib) have emerged as promising potential therapies. To evaluate the short- and long-term efficacy of these biologics and JAK inhibitors in managing these conditions, despite their lack of formal approval. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar and the Wiley Online Library. Inclusion criteria focused on studies published between 1960 and 2025 investigating monoclonal antibodies and JAK inhibitors for idiopathic photodermatoses, excluding other treatment modalities. Thirty-two studies involving 96 patients met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were case series or reports. Findings indicated significant reductions in disease activity and improvement in quality-of-life metrics (such as the Dermatology Life Quality Index) across various conditions. The lack of high-quality studies and the reliance on case reports limit generalizability. Variations in treatment regimens and outcome measures pose additional challenges. Monoclonal antibodies and JAK inhibitors demonstrate promise in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life in idiopathic photosensitive skin disorders. As these treatments are not formally indicated for these conditions, further research is warranted to confirm their efficacy and safety. This review highlights the need for clinical trials to enhance understanding and management of these challenging dermatological conditions.
antibodies
2025-06-27 | PD11 Clinical features and prognosis of actinic prurigo in Scotland
Abstract Actinic prurigo (AP) is a rare chronic photosensitivity condition that typically presents in childhood and may resolve in adolescence. Although less frequent in adulthood, AP can present at this age and may be persistent. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical presentation, investigation findings, disease course and prognosis of AP in Scotland. This was a retrospective review of patients with AP seen between March 2015 and December 2024 through the Scottish Photobiology Service (SPS). Data on disease characteristics, investigation findings and management were collected from the SPS database and patient records. In total 16 patients with AP were identified. Fifteen were female and one was male, and 11 were newly diagnosed. Ten (63%) had disease onset before age 16 years, with a median age of 10.5 years (range 1–50). Eight (50%) first presented in adulthood (> 16 years old). The most common acute eruption morphology was pruritic erythematous papules (70%). Among adult-onset cases, papulovesicular eruptions were most prevalent (67%). Half of the patients reported scarring. All patients had facial involvement, especially on the cheeks, nose and ears (44% each). Conjunctival involvement occurred in five (31%), and only three (19%) reported cheilitis. Nine (56%) were initially considered to have polymorphic light eruption (n = 5), hydroa vacciniforme (n = 2) or chronic actinic dermatitis (n = 2). Monochromator phototesting at presentation revealed normal action spectra in six (38%), with two developing monochromator ultraviolet (UV)A sensitivity over time. Four (25%) had UVA sensitivity only, four (25%) had UVB and UVA sensitivity and two (13%) had UVB, UVA and visible light sensitivity. Iterative UVA provocation testing showed papular reaction in six (38%), and abnormal erythema in another three (19%). Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) typing was available for 13 patients. Twelve (92%) were positive for HLA-DR4, with nine (75% with HLA-DR4) having the HLA-DRB1*0407 subtype. Twelve patients had follow-up visits, with a median follow-up of 10.8 years (range 1–28.4). Among seven young-onset cases, six (86%) showed marked improvement in clinical symptoms, with five (71%) having normalization of monochromator testing. In contrast, four of five patients (80%) with adult-onset AP remained symptomatic, with persistent abnormal phototesting. AP is a rare immunological photosensitivity disorder that is challenging to diagnose and must be kept in mind. The study found a higher than expected number of adult-onset cases, which tend to follow a more persistent course and are less likely to resolve spontaneously. HLA testing is a useful diagnostic marker, with particular utility in the more atypical adult-onset presentations of AP.
2021-05-14 | Clearance of pediatric actinic prurigo with dupilumab.
Actinic prurigo is a rare, idiopathic chronic photodermatosis of childhood characterized by excoriated papules, nodules, and plaques in sun-exposed areas. It is notoriously difficult to treat. The disorder involves a type IV hypersensitivity reaction driven by both Th1 and Th2 inflammatory pathways, the latter of which leads to secretion of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and production of B cells, IgE, and IgG4. Dupilumab, an IL-4 receptor antagonist, disrupts the Th2 pathway. We present a pediatric patient with severe, recalcitrant actinic prurigo who achieved rapid and sustained clearance with dupilumab.
2001-10-01 | TARGETING TUMOUR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA
Since its discovery, the understanding of the roles for TNF-alpha in human biology and disease has grown. Receptors for TNF are found on virtually all cell types, and many physiologic processes seem to be altered by TNF-alpha. The understanding of how TNF-alpha is involved in the pathophysiology of diseases, such as inflammatory diseases, has allowed the development of new drugs that can interfere with excess TNF-alpha and thus has allowed novel therapies for rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. As the role of TNF-alpha in other diseases becomes better understood, such TNF-alpha-modulating drugs may find further applications. In the skin, TNF-alpha is prominent cytokine that seems to be important in allergic and irritant contact dermatitis and inflammatory skin conditions. Modulating TNF-alpha activity in the skin may provide therapeutic benefits for a variety of skin conditions (Table 4). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels are elevated in skin lesions of psoriasis. A few reports have already suggested that etanercept and infliximab may offer a therapeutic effect in patients with psoriasis. Clinical studies evaluating the true efficacy of these drugs in psoriasis are under way. Specifically, the authors and others are involved in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy of etanercept for psoriasis. Thalidomide has been used off-label with some success to treat a number of dermatologic diseases, including several inflammatory skin conditions. Etanercept and infliximab might perhaps prove efficacious for inflammatory skin conditions as well. Finally, it is possible that drugs targeting TNF-alpha may have yet-unrecognized serious side effects. Because TNF-alpha seems to be a central cytokine in UVR-induced apoptosis, the chronic use of TNF-alpha-altering drugs might increase the risk for skin cancers. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha also plays some role in cutaneous wound healing; the effect these drugs might have on this process is also unknown at this time. Certainly, much is already [table: see text] known about TNF-alpha and how it plays many central roles. This understanding has allowed the development of useful new drugs for intractable disease. As the understanding of TNF-alpha and other cytokine biology increases, so will the number of potential therapeutic agents.
proteins
2021-11-23 | Development of hMC1R Selective Small Agonists for Sunless Tanning and Prevention of Genotoxicity of UV in Melanocytes.
Activation of the human melanocortin 1 receptor (hMC1R) expressed on melanocytes by α-melanocortin plays a central role in regulating human pigmentation and reducing the genotoxicity of UV by activating DNA repair and antioxidant defenses. For the development of a hMC1R-targeted photoprotection strategy, we designed tetra- and tripeptide agonists with modifications that provide the necessary lipophilicity and hMC1R selectivity to be effective drugs. These peptides proved to be superior to most of the existing analogs of the physiological tridecapeptide α-melanocortin because of their small size and high hMC1R selectivity. Testing on primary cultures of human melanocytes showed that these peptides are highly potent with prolonged stimulation of melanogenesis, enhanced repair of UV-induced DNA photoproducts, and reduced apoptosis. One of the tripeptides, designated as LK-514 (5), with a molecular weight of 660 Da, has unprecedented (>100,000) hMC1R selectivity when compared with the other melanocortin receptors hMC3R, hMC4R, and hMC5R, and increases pigmentation (sunless tanning) in a cultured, three-dimensional skin model. These new analogs should be efficacious in preventing skin cancer, including melanoma, and treatment of skin disorders, such as vitiligo and polymorphic light eruptions.
Access all drug discovery papers and probability of success in trials forecasts:
Access all drug discovery papers and probability of success in trials forecasts:
Drug Discovery Landscape
1 orphan drug designation for Actinic prurigo.
1 orphan drug designation for Actinic prurigo.
Drug | Therapy type | Orphan designation | Clinical trial status | Sponsor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Titanium dioxide and bisoctrizole | small molecules | FDA | — | Orfagen |
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